Stavropol (Russian: ??????????, IPA: ['stavr?p?l?]) is a city and the administrative center of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 398,539.
Video Stavropol
Etymology
The name Stavropol (Russian: ???????????) is a Russian rendition of the Greek name, Stauropolis (Greek: ????????????, was the name of an historically-unrelated archbishopric in Caria, a Roman province in present Anatolia), meaning "the City of the Cross". According to legend, soldiers found a stone cross there while building the fortress in the city's future location.
The Cherkess call the city Shetkala (????-?????) meaning Shet fort.
Maps Stavropol
History
It was founded on October 22, 1777 following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 as a military encampment, and was granted city status in 1785. Prince Grigory Potemkin, who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at the request of Catherine the Great, played a leading role in the creation of the city. Don Cossacks, particularly those from the Khopersky Regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgiyevsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire.
Alexander I in 1809 invited several Armenian families to settle by the fortress, in order to encourage trade in the region.
Stavropol's strategic location aided in the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus. By the early 19th century the city grew into a busy trade center of the North Caucasus. In 1843, an Episcopal see of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Stavropol and in 1847 the city became the seat of Stavropol Governorate.
During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times and finally was captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on January 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov, but the original name was restored in 1943. The Great Patriotic War took a heavy toll on the city and between August 3, 1942 and January 21, 1943 Stavropol was occupied by the Germans and its airport was used as a base for the Luftwaffe (German air force) to bomb Soviet oil supplies in Grozny. The city was recaptured by the Soviet Army in January, 1943. Since 1946, natural gas has been extracted near the city; later on, a pipeline to supply Moscow was built.
Administrative and municipal status
Stavropol is the administrative center of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality (the khutor of Grushevy), incorporated as the city of krai significance of Stavropol--an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Stavropol is incorporated as Stavropol Urban Okrug.
Economy
Stavropol's economy focuses on the production of automobiles, furniture, and construction equipment and materials. The city relies on air transport (Shpakovskoye airport), rail, and highway connections to other Russian cities.
Demographics
Stavropol's population includes a significant number of refugees escaping the strife or instability of the Russian border regions and Caucasus nations to the south.
Facilities
Stavropol has a theater and an association football team called FC Dynamo Stavropol.
The main educational institutions of the town include North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol State Agrarian University, and Stavropol State Medical University.
The area of Russia in which Stavropol resides is very mountainous, placing the city in the midst of the northern Caucasus mountain range. The city has one of the biggest city parks in Russia, 'Central Park' covering up to 12 hectares.
The city, like many other Russian cities has its own botanical garden, which covers up to 18 hectares, including 16 hectares of natural woods.
Climate
Stavropol experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa or Cfa, following the original -3 °C [27 °F] winter temperature limit) with short but cold winters (though mild for Russia) and hot summers. Precipitation is rather low, with a 562 millimeters (22.1 in) annual average.
Notable people
Well-known Russians who have visited or resided in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov, Alexey Yermolov, and Nikolay Raevsky, the poets Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov, who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov, Alexander Griboyedov, Leo Tolstoy, and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov.
The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, was born in Stavropol Krai and spent several years working in the city of Stavropol as the head of the krai's administration. Gorbachev's chief mentor, long-time friend, and predecessor Yuri Andropov was also born in Stavropol Krai.
Twin towns and sister cities
Stavropol is twinned with:
- Des Moines, Iowa, United States
- Béziers, France
- Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
- Yerevan, Armenia
- Zhenjiang, China
References
Notes
Sources
- ?????????????? ????????? ????. ??????? No81 ?? 25 ?????? 2008 ?. «?? ?????? ?????? ??????????», ? ???. ??????? No662 ?? 17 ???? 2015 ?. «? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????». ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????, ?? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????????. ???????????: "???????? ??????????", No84, 29 ?????? 2008 ?. (Stavropol City Duma. Decision #81 of April 25, 2008 On the Charter of the City of Stavropol, as amended by the Decision #662 of June 17, 2015 An Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Stavropol in Stavropol Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication, with the exception of the clauses for which other dates of taking effect are specified.).
- ??????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????. ????? No9-?? ?? 1 ????? 2005 ?. «?? ???????????????-??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????», ? ???. ?????? No90-?? ?? 14 ?????? 2013 ?. «? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? 5 ? 7 ?????? ??????????????? ???? "?? ???????????????-??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????"». ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ???????????: "?????????????? ??????", No46, 5 ????? 2005 ?. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. Law #9-kz of March 1, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #90-kz of November 14, 2013 On Amending Articles 5 and 7 of the Law of Stavropol Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Stavropol Krai". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- ????????????? ??????????????? ????. ????????????? No63-? ?? 4 ??? 2006 ?. «?? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????-??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????», ? ???. ????????????? No75-? ?? 5 ????? 2015 ?. «? ???????? ????????? ? ????? 47 ??????? II ??????? ???????????????-??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????, ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???? ?? 04 ??? 2006 ?. No63-?». ??????? ? ???? ? 4 ??? 2006 ?.. ???????????: "??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????", No17, ??. 5609, 10 ???? 2006 ?. (Government of Stavropol Krai. Resolution #63-p of May 4, 2006 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Resolution #75-p of March 5, 2015 On Amending Item 47 of Section II of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Stavropol Krai Adopted by Resolution #63-p of the Government of Stavropol Krai of May 4, 2006. Effective as of May 4, 2006.).
- ??????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????. ????? No88-?? ?? 4 ??????? 2004 ?. «? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????», ? ???. ?????? No51-?? ?? 28 ??? 2015 ?. «? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????, ???????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? (???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????), ? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????». ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ???????????: "?????????????? ??????", No216, 6 ??????? 2004 ?. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. Law #88-kz of October 4, 2004 On Granting the Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District to the Municipal Formations of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #51-kz of May 28, 2015 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations Within Mineralovodsky Municipal District of Stavropol Krai (Mineralovodskoye Territorial Municipal Formation of Stavropol Krai), and on the Organization of the Local Self-Government on the Territory of Mineralovodsky District of Stavropol Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????. ???? ?? 12 ?????? 1943 ?. «? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????????????? ????, ? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????????????? ???? -- ? ?????????????? ????». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of January 12, 1943 On Changing the Name of the City of Voroshilovsk in Ordzhonikidze Krai to the City of Stavropol, and of Ordzhonikidze Krai to Stavropol Krai. ).
External links
- Official website of Stavropol
- Pictures of Stavropol (in Russian)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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